Many practical materials exhibit hierarchical and heterogeneous structures from atomic to millimeter scales, with properties governed by complex phenomena across spatial and temporal dimensions. To design and understand such materials, it is vital to quantitatively reveal structure–function relationships across multiple scales and under dynamic conditions. Our lab addresses this challenge by developing advanced synchrotron-based imaging and spectroscopic techniques. We focus on coherent diffraction imaging, which enables high-resolution, lensless structural mapping at the nanoscale, and operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy imaging to visualize chemical-state changes in real time under working conditions. By integrating these complementary approaches, we aim to uncover hidden spatiotemporal dynamics in functional materials and contribute to the advancement of next-generation materials design and discovery.